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Takht-e Jamshid (Persepolis)
Persepolis is international name of an Iranian ancient building. Which is named Takht-e Jamshid by Iranian.
Jamshid is a fable king of Iranian ancient, who had been very just handsome, and powerful. Takht is a Persian word meaning throne. Kings sit on throne and rule. Iranians say ‘thakht’ to mean palace or somewhere that kings rule there. It is a splendid place. So people had thought Perspolis had been the capital of Jamshid’s empire. According to clay tablets which were found there the original name of takht-e jamshid is Parsa. Perspolis is a greek word
Persian name is persepolis which is reforwed name of persepetolis meaning stony city.
Age, builder and destruction of Persepolis
Persepolis is one of the best fifteen historical places of the world. Daruis the Great began to build it about 2500 years ago and it had been completed by his successors. There are two different ideas about its destruction. First idea is: Alexander the Macedonian had set here on fire to recompense Khashayar because he sat Acropolis of Atena on fire. Second group say: natural events had destroyed this splendid place and Alexander is a fable person.
If Alexander had fired here or not human beings need peace and friendship today.
Founder of Achamanian empire
Syrus the Great found the Achamanina empire that was the most powerful empire in the world at that time. Holy Koran names him as a good and just king whose name is Zolgharnain.
Syrus the Great conquered Bable. With no war
after Then he worte a charter that is being named Syrus’
Freedom Charter. World lawyers know it as the first world charter
of human rights and know Syrus the Great as, the wolrd founder of
human rights.It is a great glory for Iraninas. Syrus’ Freedom
Charter or first word charter of human rights in two English and
French languages are enclosed. Plato
(great greek scientist) had said : “Syrus was a great commander
and an excellent friend for his country. Iranians had been
ordering to all of nations. Every one liked him. He rewarded each
person who guide him. Because of this he allowed to the wise men
show their wisdom and experience. So Iran was a great, powerfull
and developed country.”
He released more than 40000 Jewishes who were slave in Bable and send them to their origin land, Jeroslem. Jewishes bless him afther their daily prays.
Application of persepolis
There are different ideas about Persepolis application: Capital, treasury, a holy place or a place to hold celebration in. When Arabs attacked to Iran they thought here had been an idol temple and destroyed many statues.
Buildings of Persepolis
Persepolis was being built on 13.5 hectors platform in the foot of Rahmat mountain with a strong wall around it. Figure No.X shows a mental image of Persepolis before destruction.
Yahya Zoka and Alireza Shahpour Sahbazi believe that selection of Persepolis location had been on the basis of astronomy. Most important effects in Persepolis are: entrance staircase, nations gate. Palaces unfinished gate, treachery, stone images, inscriptions, museum and…
Entrance staircase:
Figure No.X compares mental rebuilt image of Persepolis entrance to its today picture. It is a double stair way with 111 steps with 10 cm height and 7 meters length. Each 5 steps had been built of one big stone, They had sat stones beside each other so skillfully that only passing thousand of years and erosion shows they are not well-knit.
Steps are shorter than general steps. Due to this there are different ideas. One group say: Many of persons who came to Persepolis were high in position so they had been old. Steps had been built shorter that they can go up easily.
Second group say: Steps are shorter to protect imposing of legations when they are going up.
And third group say: There are some animals like lions, horses, camels, sheep and… as gifts they have built steps so short to take animals to persepolis platform easily but this idea is not acceptable because XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Nations gate:
After going up of steps we see a splendid entrance. Two big cows decorate the entrance. Heads of animals had been destroyed. (Fig. No.X). An inscription in three languages had been written above body of cows. Avoid of their destruction they have been written in the highest part of the entrance. They it means that Khashayar had built here by the favor of Ahuramazda(God) for all of the nations.
After passing entrance we enter to a waiting hall. It had had clay walls, 3 doors, 4 columns, and roof. Guests had sat the continuous stony chairs around the hall to get permission them to enter to Persepolis. Figure No.X compare a mental rebuilt image of waiting hall with its today picture. Two mental statues of human headed winged cows decorate the eastern exit door. Differences between entrance and exit door shows that builders had wanted to remain their idea by status and statues are not only for decoration.
I suggest you come back to waiting hall and turn left through the door. Northern part of Apadana palace is opposite to you compare it with its rebuilt in figure No.X to have a good image to palaces I suggest you see the rebuilt external part of museum entrance. Figure No.X.
Palaces:
There had been 7 palaces in persepolis. Each palace had been built of clay walls, columns and capitals, ceiling rooms and traces around it. Figure No.X is a nice painting by Nasrin Elmi. You can come back to eastern part of Apadana palace.
A page of Iranian history is written there with stone picture language:
We can see the most beautiful carvings in eastern part of Apadana palace. It’s a stone album that says a part of Iran history with image language. These pictures show a ceremony. Twenty three groups are legations of twenty three nations who are Achamanian obedient are giving their gifts to the king. A grate man of Persian and median is giving their the greatest hand and guiding them. Cypress trees separates groups. In the right side we can see Susion soldiers of eternal army, Grates of Persian and Median who are shaking hands talking together with a lotus flower or apple in their hands a group who are tacking chair, carpet and ort of king.
Lion and cow fighting:
Some historians believe that here had been a Nowrooz celebrating place. Strainer have had a great 6 months that had began from spring and a great 6 months winter after that winter. Lion is summer symbol and cow is winter symbol. Lion is coming and cow is going. So now is spring and Nowrooz festival must be begun. Another idea says lion is sun and cow is earth the sun heat is overcoming the ground coldness. Figure No.xxx
Human winged and circle winged drawing:
Figure No.xx shows human winged (Faravahr) drawing. Johanian .A. believes that it is one of the 5 psychic component of human. It is clean psychic. It is a winged man. Around wing shows good doing, good saying and good thinking that help human to fly. Under wing means bad doing saying and thinking that breaks human. These must be put under foot. He is praying with his right hand. In his left hand is friendship circle to God. A circle around his belt is symbol world. It shows man move on a circle, we see the effects of our goodness and badness in future. Infront contentions is the symbol of something like light, Justice, friendship which should be followed by human and back continuation is the symbol of darkness and badness which should not be followed.
Apadana palace:
Apadana is the most famous palace in persepolis, because it is the highest and most splendid palace in persepolis. It had been built by Darius the grate and Khashayarsha. Its height is about 20 meters, 1.5 times to height of Karimkhan’s small citadel in Shiraz. Figure NO.xxx compares rebuilt and new structure of Apadana. To understand its magnificence, look to men who are standing beside columns. A 20 tons weight capitol is set on the top of a 20 meters column. Each column contains 3 or 4 circular stone. No one knows how engineers had done that in 2500 years ago.
Rebuilt northern and eastern part of Apadana palace and northern part of central palace is being shown in figure NO.
we can see remainders of incenter of walls that had
It has a central hall with 36 columns and area. It’s wall thickness is about 5 meters are showen in Stone pipes figure No 10 the rain water form ceiling and send it out of Persepolis. In each door we can see louts flower decorated holes that had had the tiggers of doors. Fig No 11. It has had three terraces.
Tachara palace:
This palace is located in the south west of Apadana palace and it’s floor is 2.5m upper than floor of Apadan. Stones of this palace had been so polished that each person had could see his picture on it. So this palace is named as mirror palace. This palace has a central hall with 12 woody columns on stony square legs. Columns had been destroyed but legs are remained. This palace has a south door and two north doors. We can see Darius and Exraxe carvings in North and south doors with a louts flower in their left hands a cane in their right hands. Two servants are holding something above their heads. Fig No.xx
There are some holes in different parts of kings’ bodies. It said that there had been jewelers that had been stolen. There is an inscription on the wall of this place: Darius, king of kings, king of countries built this Tachara. Tachara in ancient Persian means winter. Fig No.xx compares southern rebuilt mental image of Tachara palace with its today’s picture.
King and the devil fighting drawing:
On the eastern and western doors of palaces, we can see different drawings. King is fighting with mental animals. One of them is cow and another is a component of some animals like lion, scorpion, cow, royal falcon,… There are different ideas about this two different animals:
But something that is completely clear is king is not angry. No one is angry in Persepolis carvings Fig No.12.
Artexrexer’s palace:
After comparing southern mental rebuilt image of Thachara palace with it’s present building we should turn 180 and see a ruined palace. It had been Artexrexer’s palace. It is in the south west of Persepolis plat form.
See fig No.1 one the left side .
Exraxe’s private palace:
Now, we can go up to the Exraxes private palace (Fig No.xx). On the wall of steps we can see servants who are taking foods to the palace. Exerax had named here Hadish palace in his inscription.
This Palace had had a central hall with 36 woody columns on circular stony legs. An underground stony water channel pass from north to south of this palace. There is an unique carving on the walls of the windows of this palace: two servant, one of them is taking a wild goat and another is carrying a food vessel.(Fig Noxx)
After passing Hadish palace we arrive to the southern part of Persepolis platform. The first entrance of Persepolis had been here before Exraxe. There are some walls on the ground 10 meters below to Hadish palace. It is said that here had been women’s living place.
Fire and light:
Zorastrians’ God is Ahuramazda. His most important sign is light. They stand toward light and pray to God. Fire produces light so they pray to God in front of fire. They had protect fire in fire-temples before invention of matches. People had taken fire from fire- temple to their houses to light fire. The fire in the fire-temple always burns. Zoroustrion say in their pray: true is the best lucky and someone who wants lucky for other people is lucky. They want God help them to construction the world and gladden people all over the world. They believe god has created happiness for human. They believe in future life so they wear white colds when some one dies.
Central, Three pylon or council palace:
After going down from eastern stairway of Hadish palace we should walk to east north to arrive to central palace. This palace is located in the center of Persepolis platform and had three doors. So it has three names: central palace, Three pylon place and council palace.
It is said that here had been somewhere that king and his successor sat on and talk to his ministers and grate officers. There is a stone on the ground in the center of this palace (Fig No.xx). Mr.Yahya zoka believes that there had been a hole in the eastern wall of this palace. On Nowrooz(XXXXX) morning when sun rised up the Mehr mountain its light grew inside this hole to center of the stone. It would had happened only on Nowrooz.
Name this stone as central stone and says here is center of persepolis (Fig.XX).
Nowrooz is the beginning of solar year in spring. There is a carving on the eastern door of this palace. King is siting on his chair and his success or is standing behind him. They are on the king throne and representatives of twenty-eight countries are taking them to the palace. We can see Faravahr(winged human) drawing above them and curtain is being seen and it shows the mastership of stone cutters. We can see king is exiting from the eastern and western doors. This palace had a veranda in north. There is a continuoes stony bench around this veranda. Its stairway is similar main stairway of Persepolis.
We can see Persian and Median nobles who have a louts flower in one hand and taking each others hands talking peacefully and going to the palace (Fig No.XX). I suggest you see a hundred column palace.
A hundred column palace:
Apadana is the most splendid and the highest palace of Persepolis. A hundred columns is the widest palace in Persepolis with an area about
XXXM It had had 100 columns in 10 rows. It has a veranda in north. Figure No.XX compare its mental rebuilt image with its’ present picture. Pay attention something is wrong with this rebuilt. Two beside statues are horse but in image there are winged human headed cows. It has eight gates, two gates in each side. On the walls of southern doors we can see carving like Eastern door of central palace. Legations of twenty-eight nations are carrying king and his son’s throne above their hands(Fig No.xx). On the walls of western and eastern doors, king is fighting with devils we can see every other Persian and Median officers who are standing in 4 rows on walls of the north doors. In figure No.XX you can compare inside present picture of a hundred column with its rebuilt picture .
Treasury:
We can see stony column bases in the southern side of 100 columns palace. It is said that here had been treasury and documents protect place.(Fig No.XX) Achamanian had had two other capitals, Ecbutana in north and Sus in south. Persepolis had been safer than the other capitals. So they protect their treasures have. It hand been about eight meters height with 300 woody columns. We can see a part of main red roof of buildings here. Figure No.xX shows Treasury.
Tombs:
Achamanian had been Zoroastrain. Zoroastrains believe that water, soil, wind and fire are holy principles and mustn’t be contaminated.
They believe that humans’ dead body contaminates the soil, so they didn’t XXXX dead bodies. There had been structures in the top of mountains contain a well in it’s center which is named Stodan meaning bone place. They would put dead bodies in these structures, birds would eat their xxxx. They would XXX their bones in a well. It appears that they hadn’t XXXX the kings’ bones in that wells. They had put their bones in their tombs in Rahmat stony mountain.
Each king had built his tomb before death. There are three tombs in Persepolis, that one of them was unfinished.
Unfinished gate:
To know how engineers had built walls and big statues in Persepolis we should see unfinished gate. We can understand how they sat stones on and beside each other. Fig no.14shows unfinished gate. Due to an unknown reason this gate hasn’t been finished. The had wanted to build a gate like nations gate here. MR.Jafar Salehi: (art teacher) believes that here is the best place to teach volumes in painting. Because painters must draw cubics then draw what they want, in their inside.
We can see holes of plumb clamps here. Just opposite to unfinished gate is one.
What plato had said about Syrus:
Syrus was a grate commander and an excellent friend for his c. Iranians had been ordering to all of nations. Every one liked him. He rewarded each person who guide him. Because of this he allowed to the wise men show their wisdom and experience.
Louts flower
Lotus flower, symbole of peace and friendsheep Foe , faraine and falsehood. Is sign of achamanian civlization. We can fing vo see images of this flower everywhere in persepolis. Fig vo lmages which is a symbole of 12 months of a year.
Cypress- cedar tree
Cedar had a special conditiion in traninas culture It’s a symbole of freedo and hight Its ahwas green. Zoratrions like this tree very much. Fig No…
COLUMNS
Columns in Apadana and Ahundred column are 18.5 and 12. Hight each columns was made of three partsin apadan palace. Weight. A bole in under part and a knob in over part encenter them to each other.
CONNECTONS
They’d two put and fit stones beside each other then carved holes in then atlast theye pour melted plumb in hole to connect two stones to each other. You cansee hole and rigid plumb in fig No.
Artaxeres’s III. Fig no. 18 sows tomb of Artaxexes III. Stony weel.
There is stony well between tow tombs in the foot of mountain It’s area is 26 m. It is said that this weel has been used to keep the persepolis from mountain rain water. TheMusume.
If sone one want to know how the palaces of persepolis had been befor their destruction he can go and see the musume. It has been rebuilt like the ** that it had been safe.
Daruis saith: Ahuranazda helped me because I was not faithless. I was not liar. I was not aggressive. My family and I were just. We understand that they knew this famous sentence where there is no justice there is no joy.
Translation of Darius the great’s inscyription beside his resting place in Naqsh- I –Rostam.
His resting place in Naqsh- I-Rostam A great God is Ahuramazda who created the goodniss are begin seen who created the wan. Who creat happiness for man.
Who gave wisdom and effort to darius.
Daruis the great says: by the favour of ahuramazda, I like and want truth and I’m weary of fafalsehood.I’m not friend of dishonestly. Idont lkie that a weak be pained form unjust of a powerfulman. I don’t like that a powerfull malns rights damage because of a weak mans work.
Ihope honestly. I’m not liar. I’m not hot- tempered blood. Every on who cooperates with me I will reward him as Equale as his cooperation and every one who injure I will punish him as equal as his injury. I don’t like someone injure anotoers If he did he must be punished. I don’t belive what someone says up on another, Until he prove what he says.
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